Journal: Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology
Rehman U, Okhovat S, Woods R, London NR Jr, Verillaud B, von Buchwald C, Gallia GL, Omay SB, Bennett W, Abhinav K, Choby G, Nayak JV, Leong SC, Vyskocil E, Lechner M. The Development and Validation of Novel 3-Dimensional Models for Simulation Training in Sinonasal and Skull Base Surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2025 May 27:34894251340879. doi: 10.1177/00034894251340879. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40426328.
Introduction: As the demand for otolaryngologists increases, there is a need to address workforce and training challenges. Technological advancements, such as high-fidelity 3-dimensional (3D) simulations, may help train the future workforce-particularly for conditions with limited exposure, such as sinonasal and skull base cancers.
Aims: This study aimed to develop and validate a high-fidelity head and neck model, created using proprietary 3D printing technology, to simulate sinonasal and skull base surgery.
Methodology: The sinonasal and skull base models were designed and produced using proprietary 3D printing technology (Fusetec). 3D printed models were incorporated into a 2-day dissection course. Surveys were completed by delegates and faculty on the course, with delegates having their surgical performance assessed using the Objective Structures Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS).
Results: A total of 21 delegates and 10 faculty had utilized the 3D printed models for sinonasal and skull base surgery training. Overall, 71.4% of delegates (n = 15) and 70.0% (n = 7) of faculty rated the realism of the models as very good/excellent. The mean pre course OSATS score was 22.57/40 (SD ±6.88) and the post course OSATS score was seen to be 25.7/40 (SD ±4.70; P < .0001). The total confidence reported by delegates prior to the course was 25.8/45 (SD ±7.00) and following the course the self-reported confidence was 33.6/45 (SD ±3.62; P < .001).
Conclusion: This study developed and validated a novel 3D model for simulating sinonasal and skull base surgery, which improved surgical performance amongst participants. This offers a potential training solution to address workforce challenges in Otolaryngology.